Why Europe Is Missing the Bitcoin’s Institutional Revolution

5 min read
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Nov 25, 2025

Europe has the clearest crypto rules in the world and the most prudent banks. So why is almost no major European institution running a real Bitcoin treasury yet? The gap is widening every month, and the cost of staying on the sidelines is starting to look terrifying…

Financial market analysis from 25/11/2025. Market conditions may have changed since publication.

Picture this: it’s 2025, Bitcoin is trading north of $85,000, the United States has a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve discussion on the Senate floor, Middle-Eastern sovereign funds are quietly stacking sats, and companies from Texas to Tokyo are issuing Bitcoin-backed bonds like it’s the most natural thing in the world.

And then you look at Europe.

We wrote MiCA – the gold standard of crypto regulation. We were first to authorize spot Bitcoin ETPs for retail. We handed out VASP licenses like candy. Yet walk into almost any major European bank, pension fund, or insurance company and ask about their Bitcoin treasury policy. You’ll probably get a polite smile and a 47-page risk-committee memo explaining why “digital assets remain outside of current strategic allocation.”

Something doesn’t add up.

The Quiet Revolution Happening Everywhere But Here

While Europe perfected the rulebook, the rest of the planet started playing a completely different game – one where Bitcoin isn’t just an asset class on a spreadsheet. It’s working capital. It’s collateral. It’s the new benchmark every CFO secretly measures themselves against late at night.

In my view, we’re witnessing the birth of an entirely new species of financial institution: the Bitcoin-native company. These aren’t hedge funds throwing 1-2% into Grayscale. These are operating companies, treasuries, even industrial firms that hold material Bitcoin on balance sheet, issue securities against it, and structure their entire capital stack around the hardest money humans have ever invented.

And almost none of them are European.

From Passive Exposure to Active Ownership

Let’s be brutally honest for a second. Having a Bitcoin ETP in your fund range is nice. It brings legitimacy, some AUM, and makes the marketing team happy. But it’s still passive exposure. You’re renting Bitcoin’s upside, not owning its future.

Real ownership looks different. It looks like:

  • Cold-stored, auditable reserves published in real time
  • Bitcoin sitting in the treasury line, not in “alternative investments”
  • Debt or equity instruments explicitly collateralized by BTC
  • Management incentive packages tied to Bitcoin-denominated performance
  • Annual reports that compare euro returns and Bitcoin returns side-by-side

That last one stings the most. Once you put Bitcoin next to your fiat P&L, suddenly “8% IRR” starts looking pretty average.

Europe’s Superpower Nobody Is Using

Here’s the part that keeps me up at night: Europe is literally the best place on earth to build these institutions.

We already have regulatory clarity. We have deep capital markets. We have a cultural obsession with transparency and governance. We invented the UCITS framework, for heaven’s sake – the most successful cross-border investment vehicle ever created.

Imagine a UCITS VI fund that holds physical Bitcoin in segregated custody, issues daily proof-of-reserves, and distributes yield in euros while the underlying appreciates in the hardest asset known to man. That product would raise €10 billion in a heartbeat. Yet it basically doesn’t exist.

Bitcoin doesn’t reward caution. Bitcoin rewards conviction.

The Psychological Barrier Nobody Talks About

It isn’t really regulation holding us back anymore. It’s culture. It’s career risk. It’s the quiet terror of being the first CIO who puts 5% of the pension fund into Bitcoin and then has to explain a 30% drawdown to retirees.

Never mind that the same fund probably lost more in 2022 bonds. Never mind that Bitcoin’s 90-day volatility now routinely trades below Tesla stock. The optics are different.

European households still keep 34% of their wealth in bank deposits earning negative real yield. That single statistic explains almost everything.

What a True European Bitcoin Institution Could Look Like

Forget copying American excess or Asian leverage. Europe should build something that feels unmistakably European: boring in the best possible way.

  • Listed Bitcoin Treasury Company domiciled in Luxembourg or Ireland
  • Full MiCA compliance, audited quarterly
  • Proof-of-reserves attested by Big Four firm
  • Fixed-income notes paying euro yield backed by BTC collateral
  • Convertible bonds that let investors choose settlement in BTC or cash
  • Long-term lock-ups with gated redemptions – because real wealth compounds quietly

This isn’t speculation. This is the financial equivalent of German engineering applied to digital money.

The Benchmark That Changes Everything

Once enough serious institutions hold Bitcoin, something subtle but devastating happens: Bitcoin becomes the benchmark.

Your real estate fund returning 7% in euros? Cute. Bitcoin did 60% with no management fee. Your dividend portfolio yielding 4%? Bitcoin yielded more just by existing.

Suddenly every asset manager in Frankfurt, Paris and Zurich has to answer the same uncomfortable question in their quarterly letter: “Why should clients pay us 1% to underperform Bitcoin?”

That pressure cooker is already working in the US. It hasn’t really started here yet.

The Sovereignty Angle Nobody Mentions

There’s also a deeper, almost geopolitical layer.

Every major European institution that refuses to hold Bitcoin is, whether they realize it or not, increasing Europe’s dependence on dollar infrastructure. Bitcoin treasuries are a hedge against dollar weaponization in exactly the same way gold was in the 20th century – except Bitcoin is better: verifiable, divisible, and transportable at the speed of light.

Building domestic Bitcoin institutions isn’t just about returns. It’s about quietly reclaiming monetary optionality at a time when the world is fragmenting into currency blocs.

First-Mover Windows Close Fast

Remember how Europe invented GSM and then watched America and China eat the mobile internet lunch? Or how we created the first payment networks and then let Visa and Mastercard dominate?

We are dangerously close to repeating the pattern. The infrastructure layer is being built right now – custody solutions, lending markets, derivatives, securitization vehicles – and 90% of the serious builders I talk to are in North America or Asia.

Europe risks becoming the place that wrote perfect rules for a game everyone else is already playing at a higher level.

The Path Forward – Boring, Disciplined, European

We don’t need hype. We don’t need memes. We need three or four impeccably run, conservatively managed Bitcoin treasury vehicles that prove the model works under European standards.

Once the first €2-3 billion vehicle prints its third year of audited numbers – with full proof-of-reserves, no leverage, and boring 6-8% euro yield on top of Bitcoin appreciation – the dam breaks. Pension funds allocate. Insurance companies follow. Family offices pile in.

But someone has to go first.

The beautiful irony? The same cultural traits that made Europe hesitant – prudence, long-term thinking, hatred of unnecessary risk – are exactly what will make our Bitcoin institutions unbreakable once they finally arrive.

We won’t have the wildest stories. We’ll have the ones that are still standing in 2035.

The window is open. The rules are written. The capital is waiting.

All that’s missing is conviction.


Europe once built the financial architecture of the world. Time to do it again – this time with better money.

Value investing means really asking what are the best values, and not assuming that because something looks expensive that it is, or assuming that because a stock is down in price and trades at low multiples that it is a bargain.
— Bill Miller
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Steven Soarez passionately shares his financial expertise to help everyone better understand and master investing. Contact us for collaboration opportunities or sponsored article inquiries.

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